현지 보도에 따르면 MUFG은행과 미쓰이스미토모은행이 기타 14개 은행과 함께 기존 암호화폐의 성장과 인기를 위협할 수 있는 새 암호화폐 개발을 통제할 프날리티인터내셔널(Fnality International)에 6300만달러(약 744억원)를 투자하기로 했다. UBS, 크레디트스위스, 스테이트스트리트 등도 투자에 참여했다.
일본 경제지인 ‘닛케이 아시안 리뷰’는 “런던에 설립될 프날리티는 투자 참여 은행들에 계좌를 개설하고, 유틸리티결제코인(USC, Utility Settlement Coin)란 새 암호화폐를 발행한다”면서 “USC는 명목화폐에 고정된 스테이블코인(stablecoin)처럼 운영된다”라고 말했다.
프날리티는 고객이 국제 송금을 요청하면 중앙은행에 돈을 보내주고, 돈을 받은 중앙은행은 USC를 발행해서 그것을 다시 수신자가 있는 나라 중앙은행에 보내어 현지 화폐로 교환해 외환시장의 변동성을 피해갈 수 있게 해준다.
‘닛케이 아시안 리뷰’는 “이 시스템이 처음에는 미국 달러, 유로, 파운드, 엔, 캐나다달러로 운영되고, 2020년에 가동할 것”이라고 덧붙였다.
은행들이 보증하기 때문에 USC는 현재 통용되고 있는 암호화폐가 자주 겪는 변동성 위험을 피할 수 있다. 다만 다른 암호화폐와 달리 사용자가 아닌 은행의 중앙집중화된 통제를 받으며 발행된다. 정부가 송금액을 제한하고, 송금 서비스에 수수료가 부과될 가능성도 있다.
샌프란시스코에 소재한 리플(Ripple)은 이미 이와 유사한 시스템을 갖춰놓고 있다. 금융분야에서 100곳이 넘는 파트너를 확보해놓은 리플은 국가 간 송금 분야에서 업계 선도적 위치를 점하고 있다. 프날리티의 설립은 국가가 통제하는 중앙은행들이 여전히 전 세계 자금 흐름을 철저히 통제하겠다는 것을 보여주는 신호로 볼 수도 있다.
반면에 암호화폐는 동료 간(P2P) 거래, 탈집중화, 그리고 이론상 ‘불가역적’(immutable)을 특징으로 한다는 점에서 은행 시스템과 완전히 구별된다. 최근 몇 년 동안 대표적 암호화폐인 비트코인의 인기가 높아진 이유도 은행이 아닌 본인이 직접 돈을 통제하길 원하는 사람이 많기 때문으로 볼 수 있다.
비트코인 옹호론자인 앤서니 폼플리아노(Anthony Pompliano) 모간크릭디지털에셋(Morgan Creek Digital Assets) 공동설립자 겸 파트너는 “은행들이 USC라는 자신들만의 비트코인을 만들려고 한다. 14개 은행이 6300만 달러를 투자해서 4년 동안 개발하겠다는데, 아무 소용없다. 그저 충격적일 뿐이다. 비트코인을 사고, 은행들을 떠나라!”라며 프날리티에 대해 시큰둥한 반응을 보였다. (루크 톰슨 기자)
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