It was always obvious James Mattis wouldn’t be US secretary of defense forever. So his resignation last week wasn’t a surprise – only the circumstances were.
The last straw was apparently US President Donald Trump’s decision to withdraw US forces from Syria, contrary to Mattis’ and the US military’s advice. Mattis also made clear his view on the importance of maintaining alliances and standing by allies.
Regardless, Trump’s frustration at the huge amounts spent on defense and the apparent lack of progress long-running wars is understandable. With or without American soldiers in Syria, or Mattis in the Pentagon, the Middle East will remain chaotic, and leaving Syria is not leaving the region, even if many Americans might prefer otherwise.
And, although US allies and US foreign policy enthusiasts may not like to hear it, Trump is essentially correct when he criticizes NATO and Asian allies for taking advantage of the US defense shield at low cost. Even if Trump is gone in two or six years, the point has been made and there will remain plenty of Americans who are unimpressed with allied support and expenditure.
The cruel irony is that the Kurds in the Middle East have been anything but free-riders.
For them, US boots on the ground provided a degree of actual and political influence that vague assurances of interest do not. This can’t be recovered without great cost.
And very clearly, the Iranians, Russians, Syrians and Turks – none of whom are aligned with US geopolitical interests or values – will relish the prospects of operating without fear of obliteration from US airpower.
More broadly, what Trump may not have considered is that something done or not done in one part of the globe often manifests itself half a world away.
Kurds sacrified again
That is where Trump’s decision on Syria matters most – and Mattis suggested as much in his resignation letter’s notable references to keeping faith with allies. In Syria, it is the Kurds who did most of the fighting and dying, while backed by US air and logistics, in the battle against ISIS.
The Kurds were also America’s staunchest allies during the Iraq War. Now, yet another US administration is sacrificing them. Trump apparently reached an agreement of some sort with Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, whose attitude toward the Kurds is well known and not amicable.
One thinks the Kurds would know better by now.
In 1975, the US went along with the Shah of Iran’s abandonment of the Kurds. During the Iran-Iraq War in the 1980s, the Reagan administration turned a blind eye when Saddam Hussein gassed Kurdish civilians, given that he was battling Iran. And after Gulf War I in 1991, President George HW Bush allowed Saddam to wade into the Iraqi Kurds once more, though he belatedly realized his mistake and established a no-fly zone protecting Iraq’s Kurdish region.
Now, Turkey and Bashir Assad’s regime in Syria will be the immediate beneficiaries of this new reality. Both parties have good reason to wade into the Kurds: partly out of spite and revenge, partly to deal a blow to a troublesome ethnic group, and partly for the oil fields in Kurdish territory.
US credibility
The import of the Kurdish situation in Syria is the matter of Washington’s credibility.
Besides the issue of keeping faith with people who fought alongside and trusted the United States, it appears the Trump administration is willing to sacrifice a small group or nation (albeit, the Kurds never had a formally recognized state) for what it sees as more important interests involving the major regional power – in this case, Turkey.
The fact that the group in question controls territory that is one of the more decent and tolerant places in the region and that they are one of the few players in the area roughly aligned with US interests and values didn’t apparently register in Trumpian Washington.
The treatment of the Kurds is being noted worldwide. Behind closed doors, America’s friends and enemies will be drawing conclusions from Trump’s indifference to implicit promises and moral obligations.
This will be especially true in the Asia-Pacific.
Ripples across East Asia
Doubts already exist about US commitment and staying power to the region, following the Obama administration’s supine response to China seizing Philippine maritime territory in 2012 and Beijing taking de facto control over most of the South China Sea.
Longer memories linger on how US promises to South Vietnam played out during the North Vietnamese invasion of 1975. Elders in the Vietnamese-American community remember that abandonment. So, too, do the Hmong ethnic minority who fought on the US side in Laos in the 1960s and ’70s, who are now exiled in Minnesota and other US cities.
Keeping 2,000 troops engaged in a low-casualty conflict in Syria was a reasonable price to pay for America’s global credibility. It sent a message to Beijing, Moscow and Tehran that the US protects its friends. That message has now evaporated.
While ASEAN nations and even Australia and Japan have their doubts about US spine in dealing with China, and are hedging their bets, Taiwan might feel especially exposed as “the Kurds of Asia.” Like the Kurds faced with Syrian and Turkish power, the Taiwanese are postured against a powerful and aggressive China bent on regional domination and keen to bring an aggressive, independent group to heel.
Taipei has long worried about US support, and the abandonment of Kurdish allies will reinforce these doubts. This is despite the Trump presidency being more supportive of Taiwan than any administration since Ronald Reagan’s. This is particularly so given that Trump, currently engaged in a trade war with Chinese President Xi Jinping, may resolve that war by cutting a big deal with Xi.
Beijing has learnt from the Kurds’ fate that the Americans are not staunch allies. Certainly, if tensions rise across the Taiwan Strait, Washington may express concerns, pass Congressional resolutions, move aircraft carriers around the regional chess board. But there are plentiful precedents that suggest Washington will do nothing more, and may allow a small, free nation to be manhandled – or worse.
No doubt this isn’t what the Trump administration intends by leaving Syria, but this is the message that has been sent. Keeping 2,000 troops engaged in a low-casualty conflict in Syria was a reasonable price to pay for America’s global credibility. It sent a message to Beijing, Moscow and Tehran that the US protects its friends. That message has now evaporated.
Many Americans may be inclined to say good-riddance to Syria and the rest of the Middle East to boot. But in terms of its standing and credibility, the United States could pay for its Syrian decision in East Asia.
Peacemaker Trump’s policies are being twisted again and again. It will never end as long as he remains a genius.
Peacemaker Trump’s policies are being twisted again and again. It will never end as long as he remains a genius.
I have a question for you:
* Do the Kurds have to have the US specifically as allies, or would EU-led NATO forces suffice? The EU (and the Arab League, if it still exists) have far more legitimate concerns to be in Syria. And surely, 2,000 ground troops and supporting air and sea power would be part of the unified statement about the flood of undocumented immigrants, and the accompanying terrorism, from this region. Indeed, NATO has boots in Afghanistan, why not Syria?
There’s no question the Kurds have been let down while being the best local actor shoring up the West’s interests there. But Trump doesn’t agree that the US should be the only country putting military assets in every conflict for the West when others could, but wouldn’t. I agree with him: joyrides for allies are over.
I have a question for you:
* Do the Kurds have to have the US specifically as allies, or would EU-led NATO forces suffice? The EU (and the Arab League, if it still exists) have far more legitimate concerns to be in Syria. And surely, 2,000 ground troops and supporting air and sea power would be part of the unified statement about the flood of undocumented immigrants, and the accompanying terrorism, from this region. Indeed, NATO has boots in Afghanistan, why not Syria?
There’s no question the Kurds have been let down while being the best local actor shoring up the West’s interests there. But Trump doesn’t agree that the US should be the only country putting military assets in every conflict for the West when others could, but wouldn’t. I agree with him: joyrides for allies are over.
The US is only loyal to Israel due to Israel’s huge influence in US politics. NATO Turkey got the CIA-Gulen coup attempt. Pakistan has been betrayed multiple times. Then we have the multiple covert operations in Asia, regime changes and wars! Who is next? Regime change in Saudi Arabia seems to be on top on CIA’s New Year wish-list. #2. On CIA wish-list is Iran.
The US is only loyal to Israel due to Israel’s huge influence in US politics. NATO Turkey got the CIA-Gulen coup attempt. Pakistan has been betrayed multiple times. Then we have the multiple covert operations in Asia, regime changes and wars! Who is next? Regime change in Saudi Arabia seems to be on top on CIA’s New Year wish-list. #2. On CIA wish-list is Iran.
This article is so stupid that I can spends my time writing paragraphs for every line. The author is completely clueless on history and realities of the region. Suffice to say, let’s not waste our breath on this jibbrish.
This article is so stupid that I can spends my time writing paragraphs for every line. The author is completely clueless on history and realities of the region. Suffice to say, let’s not waste our breath on this jibbrish.
I think this is a rather silly argument. As the author’s own points make clear, the US abandoning its allies when it is convenient for it to do so is hardly new – it is the pattern the US has followed throughout the Cold War and it is just a continuation of what the US has done to the Kurds in the past. The interesting question is why the Kurds -or East Asians, for that matter – keep setting themselves up to be disappointed and betrayed by the Americans. The answer is that the US is/was often the only game in town. If various actors in different parts of the world were offered American aid, they were hardly going to turn it down when there were no other options. This has fed, to a large degree, illusions and extremely short-term memories among American allies – indeed, many US allies are guilty of wishful thinking when it comes to the US. The US has proven, time and again, that is a fairly incompetent global power, but states keep allying themselves with the Americans out of lack of options and then get burned. The only thing that is different now is that the US is in decline and a multipolar world order is, very hesistantly and painfully, starting to emerge. Thus, the US may not be the only option left or, more likely, there are many places in the world where vacuums will open up as the US draws down. In East Asia, the US failure has far more to do with its inability to accept and properly manage the rise of China. The US has no ability to constrain China’s rise and the region has to adapt to that reality rather than hoping for something that is wildly unrealistic. Obama’s actions towards China recognized that reality. He believed the US could effectively compete with China in the region by offering a more alluring alternative. He was probably right about that, but Trump has seriously undermined American appeal.
I think this is a rather silly argument. As the author’s own points make clear, the US abandoning its allies when it is convenient for it to do so is hardly new – it is the pattern the US has followed throughout the Cold War and it is just a continuation of what the US has done to the Kurds in the past. The interesting question is why the Kurds -or East Asians, for that matter – keep setting themselves up to be disappointed and betrayed by the Americans. The answer is that the US is/was often the only game in town. If various actors in different parts of the world were offered American aid, they were hardly going to turn it down when there were no other options. This has fed, to a large degree, illusions and extremely short-term memories among American allies – indeed, many US allies are guilty of wishful thinking when it comes to the US. The US has proven, time and again, that is a fairly incompetent global power, but states keep allying themselves with the Americans out of lack of options and then get burned. The only thing that is different now is that the US is in decline and a multipolar world order is, very hesistantly and painfully, starting to emerge. Thus, the US may not be the only option left or, more likely, there are many places in the world where vacuums will open up as the US draws down. In East Asia, the US failure has far more to do with its inability to accept and properly manage the rise of China. The US has no ability to constrain China’s rise and the region has to adapt to that reality rather than hoping for something that is wildly unrealistic. Obama’s actions towards China recognized that reality. He believed the US could effectively compete with China in the region by offering a more alluring alternative. He was probably right about that, but Trump has seriously undermined American appeal.
Hardly surprising. Bush I too let Saddam Hussein gas the Kurds.
Hardly surprising. Bush I too let Saddam Hussein gas the Kurds.
Very good lesson for Taiwanese people, the writing of the futrue is on the wall, but I don’t think they would be wise enough to make the right decision!
Very good lesson for Taiwanese people, the writing of the futrue is on the wall, but I don’t think they would be wise enough to make the right decision!
Point 1: This article assumes Kurds are admirable nice guys we should embrace. Given their history of terrorism inside Turkey, I’m not convinced that is necessarily true. True they were allied with us during the Iraq war where they were hoping to carve out Kurdistan from Iraq and true they were our allies in Syria where they are trying to carve out territory for themselves, but clearly they were our allies for their own reasons. The fact that they have not been successful in establishing an independent Kurdish territory is not the responsibility of the United States, any more than Taiwan, Ukraine, African territories or Balkan territories are.
We have several troublesome situations that are beyond our borders, beyond our sphere of influence, of questionable ability to defend militarily and beyond our national interests. Our national interests must come first because we are not worth anything to any country if we are not whole, healthy and intimidating.
If we are a strong ally then that alliance is worth something.
Since Trump has made us an independent energy consumer and exporter, the importance of the Middle East, where we were under the thumb of Saudi Arabia and OPEC is no longer critical to our national interest. We can’t save the world as we thought of ourselves in and after WWll. We aren’t that strong and financially deep. So we have to pick our fights in this world full of potential noble causes, and they have to be for our national interests to make the distraction from our domestic issues worthwhile.
Point 2: We didn’t abandon the South Vietnamese and our allies there out of cavalier attitude. We lost the war to the North Vietnamese and their allies in the territory including Russia and China and in our domestic media. When you lose, you lose and so do your allies. That’s how it goes, but we took in a lot of refugees.
Point 3: If China decides to attack Taiwan, we will have a big decision to make. We have attempted to keep world peace with China over the decades by not recognizing Taiwan as separate from China but by having a tentative alliance with them, under the covers, so China isn’t too upset. China has never wavered from owning Taiwan, formerly Formosa, and we have convinced them to convince the people of Taiwan to voluntarily join China but if China tires of that dance or becomes convinced they can’t convince Taiwan to voluntarily join them, they too will have to decide if they want world war. Neither of us knows who would win or even if the tattered world resulting from a world war would be worth winning. So it’s not an easy decision to contemplate and should not be treated lightly. China too has something at stake: It’s New Silk Road where much has been invested including the investment in its outcome by Xi Jinping. It surely would destroy that concept and its implied alliances.
Point 3: America’s global credibility is best served by America’s financial and military strengths since all alliances depend on what’s in it for the joining ally. This is not a high school basketball game where friendships and loyalty are everything. Over history, those who have survived long term did so on their own strengths. So it goes with us. Trump is making us robust in the right departments but other countries are not standing still, witness Putin and Jinping’s claims of military capabilities on land, the sea, in the air and in space.
Point 4: As for the United States paying for it’s Syria decision in East Asia, who says we have a position there that is threatened. Seems to me our position in East Asia depends on Russia’s and China’s existing successes and whether we have anything to offer. It seems India, Australia and Japan care about their alliances with us. Not so sure about the rest. China looms as a very attractive economic ally and we have the ability to compete in that arena but not necessarily dominate as we have in modern history. Not dominating is only an issue if we can’t defend our selves militarily and economically. China is huge and is attractive to the rest of the world provided they are not a threat to each of the counties involved and coexistence is in their interest as well a ours.
Point 1: This article assumes Kurds are admirable nice guys we should embrace. Given their history of terrorism inside Turkey, I’m not convinced that is necessarily true. True they were allied with us during the Iraq war where they were hoping to carve out Kurdistan from Iraq and true they were our allies in Syria where they are trying to carve out territory for themselves, but clearly they were our allies for their own reasons. The fact that they have not been successful in establishing an independent Kurdish territory is not the responsibility of the United States, any more than Taiwan, Ukraine, African territories or Balkan territories are.
We have several troublesome situations that are beyond our borders, beyond our sphere of influence, of questionable ability to defend militarily and beyond our national interests. Our national interests must come first because we are not worth anything to any country if we are not whole, healthy and intimidating.
If we are a strong ally then that alliance is worth something.
Since Trump has made us an independent energy consumer and exporter, the importance of the Middle East, where we were under the thumb of Saudi Arabia and OPEC is no longer critical to our national interest. We can’t save the world as we thought of ourselves in and after WWll. We aren’t that strong and financially deep. So we have to pick our fights in this world full of potential noble causes, and they have to be for our national interests to make the distraction from our domestic issues worthwhile.
Point 2: We didn’t abandon the South Vietnamese and our allies there out of cavalier attitude. We lost the war to the North Vietnamese and their allies in the territory including Russia and China and in our domestic media. When you lose, you lose and so do your allies. That’s how it goes, but we took in a lot of refugees.
Point 3: If China decides to attack Taiwan, we will have a big decision to make. We have attempted to keep world peace with China over the decades by not recognizing Taiwan as separate from China but by having a tentative alliance with them, under the covers, so China isn’t too upset. China has never wavered from owning Taiwan, formerly Formosa, and we have convinced them to convince the people of Taiwan to voluntarily join China but if China tires of that dance or becomes convinced they can’t convince Taiwan to voluntarily join them, they too will have to decide if they want world war. Neither of us knows who would win or even if the tattered world resulting from a world war would be worth winning. So it’s not an easy decision to contemplate and should not be treated lightly. China too has something at stake: It’s New Silk Road where much has been invested including the investment in its outcome by Xi Jinping. It surely would destroy that concept and its implied alliances.
Point 3: America’s global credibility is best served by America’s financial and military strengths since all alliances depend on what’s in it for the joining ally. This is not a high school basketball game where friendships and loyalty are everything. Over history, those who have survived long term did so on their own strengths. So it goes with us. Trump is making us robust in the right departments but other countries are not standing still, witness Putin and Jinping’s claims of military capabilities on land, the sea, in the air and in space.
Point 4: As for the United States paying for it’s Syria decision in East Asia, who says we have a position there that is threatened. Seems to me our position in East Asia depends on Russia’s and China’s existing successes and whether we have anything to offer. It seems India, Australia and Japan care about their alliances with us. Not so sure about the rest. China looms as a very attractive economic ally and we have the ability to compete in that arena but not necessarily dominate as we have in modern history. Not dominating is only an issue if we can’t defend our selves militarily and economically. China is huge and is attractive to the rest of the world provided they are not a threat to each of the counties involved and coexistence is in their interest as well a ours.
China-Taiwan relationship is a crack from the unresolved civil war which we all know the US is opportune to chip away as part of its containment of China. It is far from the Kurds situation which is an ethnic and culturally distinct large population which had its homeland carved out completely by the Western colonial powers. To add salt to the wound, these former butchers came back to make use of then as cannon fodder for their short term political agenda. They would flount thier freedom-of-navigation warships like a red cape to get the phillipines, Vietnam or Taiwan into a bull and goats fight with China for free to the third party global interests.
In the trade war that they fired the first shots and drawn into fights that all sides lose, the hegemon will make sure others must also fight for them just as anyone trading with Iran or Russia will know. China is too big a trader to sanction, except of course to target it strategic businesses such as telecommunications, semiconductors and space industry. The Five Eyes and occupied Japan will quickly step behind the US and mark who else will not toe the line.
China-Taiwan relationship is a crack from the unresolved civil war which we all know the US is opportune to chip away as part of its containment of China. It is far from the Kurds situation which is an ethnic and culturally distinct large population which had its homeland carved out completely by the Western colonial powers. To add salt to the wound, these former butchers came back to make use of then as cannon fodder for their short term political agenda. They would flount thier freedom-of-navigation warships like a red cape to get the phillipines, Vietnam or Taiwan into a bull and goats fight with China for free to the third party global interests.
In the trade war that they fired the first shots and drawn into fights that all sides lose, the hegemon will make sure others must also fight for them just as anyone trading with Iran or Russia will know. China is too big a trader to sanction, except of course to target it strategic businesses such as telecommunications, semiconductors and space industry. The Five Eyes and occupied Japan will quickly step behind the US and mark who else will not toe the line.
It is time for we Australians to look at our relationship with the USA, there are serious doubts if our support is a two way deal, as stated the USA has a reputation of abandoning their staunch allies when it suits them.
It is time for we Australians to look at our relationship with the USA, there are serious doubts if our support is a two way deal, as stated the USA has a reputation of abandoning their staunch allies when it suits them.
MK Bhadrakumar who writes on these pages and knows what he is talking about blows Newsham’s article out of the water:
"On the other hand, the Syrian Kurds, who have been the US’ main allies in Syria up until recently, have openly declared that they have invited the government forces to enter Manbij. They said in a statement today, “Due to the invading Turkish state’s threats to invade northern Syria and displace its people similarly to al-Bab, Jarablus and Afrin, we as the People’s Protection Units, following the withdrawal of our forces from Manbij, announce that our forces will be focusing on the fight against ISIS on all the fronts east of the Euphrates.”
The statement added that the Syrian government forces are “”obliged to protect the same country, nation and borders” and also protect Manbij from Turkish threats. It leaves the door wide open for the Syrian government forces to eventually regain control of the entire territory vacated by the US."
"It stands to reason that Moscow mediated between the Syrian Kurdish leadership and Damascus. There have been reports that Syrian Kurdish delegations visited Moscow this week as well as the Russian military base at Hmeimim in Syria. A senior Kurdish leader in Manbij told Reuters, ‘We want Russia to play an important role to achieve stability.’ ”
https://indianpunchline.com/syrian-kurds-throw-americans-under-the-bus/
MK Bhadrakumar who writes on these pages and knows what he is talking about blows Newsham’s article out of the water:
"On the other hand, the Syrian Kurds, who have been the US’ main allies in Syria up until recently, have openly declared that they have invited the government forces to enter Manbij. They said in a statement today, “Due to the invading Turkish state’s threats to invade northern Syria and displace its people similarly to al-Bab, Jarablus and Afrin, we as the People’s Protection Units, following the withdrawal of our forces from Manbij, announce that our forces will be focusing on the fight against ISIS on all the fronts east of the Euphrates.”
The statement added that the Syrian government forces are “”obliged to protect the same country, nation and borders” and also protect Manbij from Turkish threats. It leaves the door wide open for the Syrian government forces to eventually regain control of the entire territory vacated by the US."
"It stands to reason that Moscow mediated between the Syrian Kurdish leadership and Damascus. There have been reports that Syrian Kurdish delegations visited Moscow this week as well as the Russian military base at Hmeimim in Syria. A senior Kurdish leader in Manbij told Reuters, ‘We want Russia to play an important role to achieve stability.’ ”
https://indianpunchline.com/syrian-kurds-throw-americans-under-the-bus/
If you haven’t used Kurds to get something you want, you really aren’t in the geopolitical game at all. Who doesn’t screw over the Kurds? Even Kurds screw over Kurds.
If you haven’t used Kurds to get something you want, you really aren’t in the geopolitical game at all. Who doesn’t screw over the Kurds? Even Kurds screw over Kurds.
Another useless article by this so called expert.The Kurds are a minority living in four countries in the Middle East——Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey——this is there fate and they will have to learn to accept there FATE!!
Another useless article by this so called expert.The Kurds are a minority living in four countries in the Middle East——Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey——this is there fate and they will have to learn to accept there FATE!!
You are right Kevin Connolly. The Kurds are a minority living in 4 countries and they must adapt to their fate, just as the Chinese diaspora in SE Asia must adapt to their fate in the countries of SE Asia. The Chinese in SE Asia, like Malaysia, do not want China to help them with military or political threats to SE Asia. The Chinese in SE Asia is satisfied if they are given the space to maintain their culture, businesses and contribute to the development and modernization of their adopted countries.
Nor do the Chinese in SE Asia want wars and confrontation in the area as practised and pushed by the US. Mahathir of Malaysia has declared that the government does not want US warships to patrol the S China Sea. Any problems between ASEAN and China will be resolved through negotiations and mutual agreements.
So, Newsham writes garbage.
You are right Kevin Connolly. The Kurds are a minority living in 4 countries and they must adapt to their fate, just as the Chinese diaspora in SE Asia must adapt to their fate in the countries of SE Asia. The Chinese in SE Asia, like Malaysia, do not want China to help them with military or political threats to SE Asia. The Chinese in SE Asia is satisfied if they are given the space to maintain their culture, businesses and contribute to the development and modernization of their adopted countries.
Nor do the Chinese in SE Asia want wars and confrontation in the area as practised and pushed by the US. Mahathir of Malaysia has declared that the government does not want US warships to patrol the S China Sea. Any problems between ASEAN and China will be resolved through negotiations and mutual agreements.
So, Newsham writes garbage.
It’s not the first, not the second time, but every time… and nothing wrong about it because the US regime is democratic and everything can change every four years.
It’s not the first, not the second time, but every time… and nothing wrong about it because the US regime is democratic and everything can change every four years.
Not mentioned in this article is that the US can no longer afford military largesse with its huge foreign debt. That’s why Trump had to come in to be the outsider that can introduce the world to the new reality: It’s now a "user pays" defense system, where allies bear their own costs of protection easing the budget burden on the US. Foreign aid even to Israel is tied to defense, the aid money going to buy US weapons systems. It’s a new reality the world will have to come to terms with. The US is running the biggest protection racket on the planet and the only option out is for all the warring factions remaining to make increase peace efforts. This will now be a lot easier without the interference of the US who makes the most money out of wars. On the balance it’s a positive for the world, a new reality that will result in less chaos and wars if governments can negotiate with eachother. Trump has shown the way by talking to Kim of North Korea and Putin, with a resulting goodwill and less danger of conflict.
Not mentioned in this article is that the US can no longer afford military largesse with its huge foreign debt. That’s why Trump had to come in to be the outsider that can introduce the world to the new reality: It’s now a "user pays" defense system, where allies bear their own costs of protection easing the budget burden on the US. Foreign aid even to Israel is tied to defense, the aid money going to buy US weapons systems. It’s a new reality the world will have to come to terms with. The US is running the biggest protection racket on the planet and the only option out is for all the warring factions remaining to make increase peace efforts. This will now be a lot easier without the interference of the US who makes the most money out of wars. On the balance it’s a positive for the world, a new reality that will result in less chaos and wars if governments can negotiate with eachother. Trump has shown the way by talking to Kim of North Korea and Putin, with a resulting goodwill and less danger of conflict.
This was a nonsense article fit for the NYT or Wapo type propaganda media outlets. Waste of time even reading it half way thru.
This was a nonsense article fit for the NYT or Wapo type propaganda media outlets. Waste of time even reading it half way thru.