騰訊剛公布的全年及第四季業績,投資者各有不同解讀。雖然整體收入增長放緩,季度盈利更環比沒有增長,都反映公司在網絡遊戲商業化審批受阻的情況的處境。不過,隨著騰訊定位拓展產業互聯網,加上公司積極捕捉在手機支付及理財產品的商機,騰訊未來對遊戲業務的依賴將會降低,減少未來業務的不確定性。
馬化騰表示,騰訊4年前提出「互聯網+」,目前逐步演變為數字經濟、再到產業互聯網,智慧零售、交通、醫療、政務範疇開始成熟,工業亦開始起飛。而公司亦將未來的增長寄望於數碼基建上,即雲服務及支付。這兩大業務目前還被歸類為「其他」業務,去年收入同比增長80%至779.69億元人民幣(約為116.66億美元)。而單單計算第四季,來自「其他」的收入已輕微超越了網絡遊戲的收入,反映來自兩大新業務的潛力已抵消了遊戲業務面對的規管不確性因素。
支付是騰訊的關鍵基礎設施平台之一,有助公司及商業夥伴完成線上及線下服務的交易。以活躍用戶及交易量計算,微信支付為中國領先的移動支付平台。商業支付佔支付交易量的一半以上,而在其迅速增長的帶動下,去年的日均總支付交易量超過10億次。來自商業支付收入較去年同期增長逾一倍。微信支付連接全國數以千萬計的商戶,於2018年第四季,月活躍商戶同比增長逾80%。公司更透過小程序及掃描二維碼功能,推高支付業務的滲透率。
在海外業務方面,微信支付目前可在中國內地以外的49個市場使用,支持16種貨幣的跨境支付交易。在個別市場,WeChat Pay香港的交易量同比增長逾10倍。去年WeChat Pay馬來西亞正式推出,提供移動話費充值服務、機票及公交車票購買等線上交易服務,以及超市、時裝及美容商店等零售店的線下交易服務。由於微信支付會按逐宗交易收取商戶費用,只要微信支付的擴張不停步,短期內有關業務將持續錄得快速增長。
騰訊去年重組架構,成立雲與智慧產業等新事業群,為產業互聯網作準備。公司準備開放雲系統予各行各業,未來雲客戶亦有望成為公司的廣告、支付客戶,惠及其他業務,故雲業務目標不是短期內獲得利潤,而是用作擴展市場佔有率,與阿里雲等對手一較高下。
不過,新業務投資在在需財。騰訊的其他業務毛利率水平偏低,去年為23.9%,而增值服務、網絡廣告毛利率則為58.1%、35.8%。由於騰訊在支付市場面對支付寶的競爭,市場推廣開支較高,加上商戶補貼、用戶回贈等開支,直接影響毛利水平。而雲業務也需要龐大資本開支在全國以至全球設立數據中心及伺服器,這又是一大筆開支。騰訊要轉型成為產業互聯網的服務供應商,短期仍然要依賴個人用戶娛樂業務的高毛利業務作補貼,而這轉型階段就是考驗騰訊投資者耐性的時候了。
撰文:鍾紹陽
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