The Indian state’s ties with the Sikh community in the United Kingdom have hit a new low – at a time when Canada has been accused of supporting Sikh separatists.
Three days before Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s trip to India began, an umbrella body of Sikh groups in Britain announced that 225 of the 270 Sikh gurdwaras – places of worship – in the UK were barring entry of Indian officials on political grounds. However, their announcement was lost in the din surrounding the Trudeau family’s visit.
Nonetheless, after fierce lobbying by Sikh groups, the Theresa May government told Parliament last week that it would take up the issue of alleged persecution of Sikhs and Christians in India with Prime Minister Narendra Modi. He is scheduled to visit the UK next month for the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting.
The Sikh community, both in and outside India, has increasingly grown hostile toward Indian authorities after several contentious incidents in recent months.
Unending hostilities
A critical factor was the incarceration of Jagtar Singh Johal, a British Sikh national, in November last year by police in the Indian state of Punjab. Johal has been charged with involvement in targeted killings of Indian leaders of different faiths over the last three years.
Sikh groups in Britain rallied against Johal’s arrest, noting reports of alleged torture, which have been denied by the Punjab police.
Last September, sections of the community launched a major campaign calling on the UK government to stop identifying them as ‘Indians’ in the UK Census. Instead, campaigners demanded that a separate ‘Sikh’ ethnic category be created for them. The campaign snowballed into a major galvanizing issue which was backed by over 140 British MPs.
Supporters say the demand is aimed more towards ensuring greater attention towards the development of Sikhs and cornering more funds in the budget. But the actual problem goes deeper than that.
There has been a deep-rooted angst among Sikhs in the UK, which was revealed by a survey in 2016. The Sikh Network, a body of activists and professionals, surveyed 4,500 community members and found that 97% of them said had little or no faith that the Indian state would deliver justice for killings during anti-Sikh riots in 1984. Given this, 94% wanted to do away with the ‘Indian’ tag in the census.
Similarly, last year, Sikh bodies strongly opposed any move by Britain to return the Kohinoor diamond to India.
This long-running underlying communal resentment explains why Johal’s arrest in India and New Delhi’s strong responses to Canada’s alleged sympathy for Sikh extremists have inflamed tensions. Some Members of Parliament have also raised the Johal matter in the House of Commons.
India vs Sikhs
The antagonism toward India by Britain’s 430,000-strong Sikh community is partly shaped by historical distrust and a growing nervousness over the rise of Hindu right-wing influence in their homeland.
Dr Opinderjit Takhar, a senior lecturer at Wolverhampton University and an expert in Sikh studies, said: “No Sikh can overlook the events of 1984 and the atrocities that the Sikh community has suffered. Hence, many in the diaspora feel that they must do more towards seeking justice.”
Successive Indian governments have been apathetic about bringing to book those accused of orchestrating the mass killings of Sikhs in 1984 in response to former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi’s assassination by her Sikh bodyguards. Three decades after the bloodshed, the Supreme Court of India appointed a fresh team – earlier this year – to re-investigate 186 cases of rioting and massacres.
This lack of a proper closure for the community seems to have fueled much of the anger. Many feel that the Indian authorities have misread these demands for justice as support for Khalistan, the idea of a separate Sikh nation-state carved out of India.
But the rise of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the Hindu right in India has also played a role. “The Hindu right-wing has traditionally believed that Sikhs are Hindus and hence, there can’t be an independent Sikh identity,” says Dr Subir Sinha, a senior lecturer in development studies at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) at the University of London.
“According to the Hindu right, being Indian means being Hindu. These attempts to redefine the Indian identity have caused the Sikh community to reassert itself and its distinct identity,” he said.
London-based commentator and writer Sunny Hundal agreed, adding that the rise in attacks in India targeting Dalits and Muslims had upset the Sikh community. “Many felt Sikhs would be next. There is a real fear within the community that right-wing Hindu organizations want to turn India into a Hindu Rashtra and Sikhism will be subsumed.”
Fundamentalism within the Sikh diaspora
Hundal, however, believed that antagonism toward the Indian state was also spurred by the rise of Sikh extremists in the UK. He said it was worrying that younger Sikhs had increasingly been taking to extremism.
Takhar said the Khalistani movement was now increasingly spearheaded by Sikh youths, who see Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale, the slain militant leader and head of the Damdami Taksal killed in Operation Blue Star, as someone who stood up to injustice.
There have been instances of young Sikh men storming gurdwaras and disrupting interfaith marriages. In fact, prominent Sikh groups have defended these disruptions by simply stating that the Sikh religious ceremony — Anand Karaj — was only meant for Sikhs.
Sukhwant Dhaliwal, a London-based academic who has closely followed the Sikh diaspora in the country, believes there has been a resurgence of Sikh fundamentalism. “Fundamentalist groups are increasingly positioning themselves as guardians of the community. Anyone who doesn’t agree with their position on Khalistan will automatically get de-legitimized through this,” he said.
More turbulence ahead
Resolving these issues is likely to take considerable time and effort from both sides, so the acrimony is expected to intensify before things improve.
To make matters worse, a British tribunal is due to rule on a plea filed by an author on declassifying files which contain details of the UK government’s role in Operation Blue Star. The UK government has opposed this move so far to safeguard its relationship with India.
Prominent Sikh groups have also threatened to disrupt PM Modi’s visit in April with mass protests unless Johal is released from prison. So, the turbulent relations between the Indian government and the Sikh community look likely to continue.
The writer if this article, Kunal Purohit, is spineless and dies not have the guts to present a true and unbiased article. Like the the rest of Indian mainstream Media in India, Purohit us happy to do the bidding if Modi, responsible for the killing of thousands of Muslims. He dare not mention this fact, or talk about the attacks on minorities by the extremist Hindus since Modi came to power. This article is just another example of the sustained efforts by Modi and his RSS henchmen to suppress and eliminate the minority voice in India and abroad. It is both shocking and amazing that the world hasn’t woken up to the appalling abuse of human rights in a so called democracy of India.I would urge Purohit to connect with his conscience, and rather than being subservient to the screaming and hateful shouting of the Midi backed Hinduvata mob who are bent in spilling the blood of innocents belonging to minority groups.
Kashmir needs to be free because its the oldest issue since india got independence from the brits then we can talk about punjab,manipur,assam etc..
Hindus are like Christians in that they love to rewrite history and absorb other cultures into their own, and appropriate those culture`s traditions as their own. They literally rewrote history and extinguished Buddhism from the subcontinent by this absorption method. At least Muslims stand for what they believe in. Come hell or high water you can trust that a Muslim will tell you the same thing is True on day one-thousand as he did on day one. All religions have their issues; Muslims spend half their time on useless rituals because of this refusal to realize their Truth is only one part of the whole Truth. That`s what makes Sikhism different. We don`t claim we have ownership over the Truth. We only claim that we will give the same respect to the begger`s version of reality as we do to the wealthy, and in the end the sum of everyone`s experiences represents the extant of what humans are able to understand about this world. I draw the line when people start to think they`re clever, and try to change another person`s beliefs. That tells me all I need to know about them.
No wonder that Sikhs in UK are getting more and more vocal and restless when you keep a young man in prison for three months without any charges. If there is no evidence against this young man then release him and let him live his life; if he is guilty of some offences then charge him with the offences and let him fight it out in the court.
This author is a real dumbass. Jagtar Singh Johal has NOT been charged with any crime and has been detainedfor over 4 months. Not 1 ounce of evidence has been found agiant him.
Issue is very simple. India does not consider Sikhi as a separate religion. India consider Sikh as off shoot of Hinduism. I am a Sikh and i will not convert…
Michael Bagala probably the way it’s worn. It gives u a different picture. Whatever said let the Punjab’s have their own land.and let’s hope Hollywood gets the message.
If the subcontinent has "never been integrated" then integration is an articifial construct
The Turban is a Hindu head dress. Even Alexander the Great commented on it. It is not Muslim, it is Hindu. Long before the Sikh faith Hindus wore the Turban
The Punjab should declare herself an nation under the control of New Delhi. I cannot imagine a single reason why the Punjab should remain part of India and not become an independent nation whose territory includes all the lands that were part of hers before the 1947 Partition.
Hindus fear the disintegration of India, which in and of itself is an oxymoron as the subcontinent has never been integrated. The creation of a Pakistan robbed Sikhs of half of the Punjab, and the remaining half was cut into Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, etc. If India fears disintegration, then it should COOPERATE IN THE INTEGRATION OF SIKHS INTO THE COUNTRY. Start with the river waters dispute, and end with abolishment of partisan appointees of Congress installed as governers of what Punjab we have left. This issue will not dissappear, Jewish people have less right to an Israel than Sikhs have to a Free Punjab
Its best that Hollywood movies stop using turban clad individual to represent an Indian. Spiderman got it right . It’s clear that they want a separate state and it’s their right. So I hope international films stop using them to represent India. My worthless 2cents.
Sikhism being a reformist movement will always be in clash with Brahmanical Hinduism. This BJP promotes. Sikhs broke the caste barriers, simplified prayer and way of life.This has always been challenge to Brahmanism. Sikhs also believe in independence and non-interference in their faith matters, thats the reason it clashes with rulers of the times.
There could be a way to assuage Sikh feeling to punish perpetrators, grant general amnesty to Sikh political prisoners and work for quasi independent state that was promised in 1929.